tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-43883151815066534752024-03-07T22:07:07.373-08:00Lagu Indonesialagu baru, lagu indonesia, lagu manca, penyanyi solo, band, lirik lagu /song lirycs, penyanyi / singerPrio Handokohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09214564389512128181noreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4388315181506653475.post-42549592811367698032007-08-13T20:08:00.001-07:002007-08-13T20:56:03.967-07:00Indonesia Raya 3 StanzaStanza 1:<img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ORANGE%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-1.jpg" alt="" /><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ORANGE%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot.jpg" alt="" /><br /><br /><br />Indonesia Tanah Airkoe Tanah Toempah Darahkoe<br />Di sanalah Akoe Berdiri Djadi Pandoe Iboekoe<br />Indonesia Kebangsaankoe Bangsa Dan Tanah Airkoe<br />Marilah Kita Berseroe Indonesia Bersatoe<br /><br />Hidoeplah Tanahkoe Hidoeplah Negrikoe<br />Bangsakoe Ra'jatkoe Sem'wanja<br />Bangoenlah Djiwanja Bangoenlah Badannja<br />Oentoek Indonesia Raja<br /><br /><br />Indonesia Raja Merdeka Merdeka Tanahkoe Negrikoe Jang Koetjinta<br />Indonesia Raja Merdeka Merdeka Hidoeplah Indonesia Raja<br /><br /><br />Stanza 2:<br /><br />Indonesia Tanah Jang Moelia Tanah Kita Jang Kaja<br />Di sanalah Akoe Berdiri Oentoek Slama-Lamanja<br />Indonesia Tanah Poesaka P'saka Kita Semoenja<br />Marilah Kita Mendo'a Indonesia Bahagia<br /><br />Soeboerlah Tanahnja Soeboerlah Djiwanja<br />Bangsanja Ra'jatnja Sem'wanja<br />Sadarlah Hatinja Sadarlah Boedinja<br />Oentoek Indonesia Raja<br /><br /><br />Indonesia Raja Merdeka Merdeka Tanahkoe Negrikoe Jang Koetjinta<br />Indonesia Raja Merdeka Merdeka Hidoeplah Indonesia Raja<br /><br /><br />Stanza 3:<br /><br />Indonesia Tanah Jang Seotji Tanah Kita Jang Sakti<br />Di sanalah Akoe Berdiri 'Njaga Iboe Sedjati<br />Indonesia Tanah Berseri Tanah Jang Akoe Sajangi<br />Marilah Kita Berdjandji Indonesia Abadi<br /><br />S'lamatlah Ra'jatnja S'lamatlah Poetranja<br />Poelaoenja Laoetnja Sem'wanja<br />Madjoelah Negrinja Madjoelah Pandoenja<br />Oentoek Indonesia Raja<br /><br /><br />Indonesia Raja Merdeka Merdeka Tanahkoe Negrikoe Jang Koetjinta<br />Indonesia Raja Merdeka Merdeka Hidoeplah Indonesia Raja.Prio Handokohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09214564389512128181noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4388315181506653475.post-16467645593166045172007-08-12T09:39:00.000-07:002007-08-12T09:40:56.520-07:00Gamelan<p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> orchestra, based on metallic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">percussion</a> with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_instrument" title="Wind instrument">winds</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">drums</a>, is perhaps the form which is most readily identified as being distinctly "Javanese" by outsiders. In various forms, it is ubiquitous to Southeast <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. In Java, the full <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> also adds a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowed_string_instrument" title="Bowed string instrument">bowed string instrument</a> (the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab">rebab</a>, a name illustrative of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> influence) and voices. The rebab is one of the main melodic instruments of the ensemble (together with the xylophone "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gend%C3%A9r" title="Gendér">gendér</a>") and is often played by the senior <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">musician</a>. Voices consist of male and female choruses, together with soloists; however, the voices are not usually featured in court gamelan (as opposed to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang_kulit" title="Wayang kulit">wayang kulit</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_puppet" title="Shadow puppet">shadow puppet</a> theatre) and are supposed to be heard discreetly in the middle of the orchestral sound. In these <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_music" title="Abstract music">abstract</a> pieces, the words are largely secondary to the music itself.</p> <p>There are two scales in Javanese gamelan music, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slendro" title="Slendro">slendro</a>" (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentatonic" title="Pentatonic">pentatonic</a>) and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelog" title="Pelog">pelog</a>" (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptatonic" title="Heptatonic">heptatonic</a> in full, but focussing on a pentatonic group). Tuning is not standard, rather each gamelan set will have a distinctive tuning. A complete gamelan consists of a pair of sets, one tuned in each of the scales and intended to be played together in many instances. Different gamelan sets have different sonorities, and are used for different pieces of music; many are very old, and used for only one specific piece. Musical forms are defined by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythmic</a> cycles. These consist of major cycles subdivided by smaller cycles, each marked by the striking of successively smaller <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gong" title="Gong">gongs</a>. The melodic interplay takes place within this framework (technically called "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colotomic_structure" title="Colotomic structure">colotomic structure</a>"). There are also distinct melodic modes ("<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patet" title="Patet">patet</a>") within the division of scale.</p><br /><p><br /></p><p>www.en.wikipedia.org</p><p><br /></p>Prio Handokohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09214564389512128181noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4388315181506653475.post-83738298192048000022007-08-12T09:33:00.000-07:002007-08-12T09:37:26.745-07:00Music of Indonesia<h2><span class="mw-headline">Tembang sunda</span></h2> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembang_sunda" title="Tembang sunda">Tembang sunda</a>, usually called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seni_mamaos_cianjuran&action=edit" class="new" title="Seni mamaos cianjuran">seni mamaos cianjuran</a>, or just <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cianjuran&action=edit" class="new" title="Cianjuran">cianjuran</a>, is a form of sung poetry which arose in the colonial-era <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten" title="Kabupaten">Kabupaten</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cianjur" title="Cianjur">Cianjur</a>. It was first known as an aristocratic art; one cianjuran composer was R.A.A Kusumahningrat (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dalem_Pancaniti&action=edit" class="new" title="Dalem Pancaniti">Dalem Pancaniti</a>), ruler of Cianjur (1834 - 1862). The instruments of Cianjuran are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kacapi_Indung&action=edit" class="new" title="Kacapi Indung">kacapi Indung</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kacapi_rincik&action=edit" class="new" title="Kacapi rincik">kacapi rincik</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suling" title="Suling">suling</a> or bamboo flute, and rebab for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salendro" title="Salendro">salendro</a> compositions. The lyrics are typically sung in free verse, but a more modern version, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panambih" title="Panambih">panambih</a>, is metrical.</p> <p><a name="Kecapi_suling" id="Kecapi_suling"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">Kecapi suling</span></h2> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecapi_suling" title="Kecapi suling">Kecapi suling</a> is a type of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_music" title="Instrumental music">instrumental music</a> that is highly improvisational and popular in parts of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28island%29" title="Java (island)">Java</a>. It is related to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembang_sunda" title="Tembang sunda">tembang sunda</a>.</p> <p><a name="Gamelan" id="Gamelan"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">Gamelan</span></h2> <table align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Traditional_indonesian_instruments.jpg" class="internal" title="Metallophone"><img alt="Metallophone" longdesc="/wiki/Image:Traditional_indonesian_instruments.jpg" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Traditional_indonesian_instruments.jpg/250px-Traditional_indonesian_instruments.jpg" height="167" width="250" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify" style="float: right;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Traditional_indonesian_instruments.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a></div> Metallophone</div> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Traditional_indonesian_instruments04.jpg" class="internal" title="Gongs"><img alt="Gongs" longdesc="/wiki/Image:Traditional_indonesian_instruments04.jpg" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Traditional_indonesian_instruments04.jpg/250px-Traditional_indonesian_instruments04.jpg" height="167" width="250" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify" style="float: right;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Traditional_indonesian_instruments04.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a></div> Gongs</div> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Traditional_indonesian_instrument_being_played_at_the_indonesian_embassy.jpg" class="internal" title="Player"><img alt="Player" longdesc="/wiki/Image:Traditional_indonesian_instrument_being_played_at_the_indonesian_embassy.jpg" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Traditional_indonesian_instrument_being_played_at_the_indonesian_embassy.jpg/250px-Traditional_indonesian_instrument_being_played_at_the_indonesian_embassy.jpg" height="167" width="250" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify" style="float: right;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Traditional_indonesian_instrument_being_played_at_the_indonesian_embassy.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a></div> Player</div> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="infobox sisterproject"> <div class="floatleft"><span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Commons-logo.svg" class="image" title=""><img alt="" longdesc="/wiki/Image:Commons-logo.svg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" height="67" width="50" /></a></span></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Wikimedia Commons has media related to: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gamelan" class="extiw" title="commons:Gamelan">Gamelan</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>The most popular and famous form of Indonesian music is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a>, an ensemble of tuned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">percussion instruments</a> that include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallophone" title="Metallophone">metallophones</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">drums</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gong" title="Gong">gongs</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_fiddle" title="Spike fiddle">spike fiddles</a> along with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flutes</a>. Similar ensembles are prevalent throughout Indonesia and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, but gamelan is from Java, Bali and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombok" title="Lombok">Lombok</a>. There are rivalries between different regions' variations of gamelan, especially Java and Bali.</p> <p><a name="Central_Java" id="Central_Java"></a></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">Central Java</span></h3> <p>Central gamelan is intricate and meticulously laid out. The central melody is played on a metallophone in the center of the orchestra, while the front section plays elaboration and ornamentation on the melody, and, at the back, the gongs slowly punctuate the music. There are two tuning systems - the 5-tone <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slendro" title="Slendro">slendro</a> scale and the 7-tone <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelog" title="Pelog">pelog</a> scale. Unlike Western music, there is no standard tuning system. Each Gamelan is tuned to itself, and the intervals between notes on the scale vary between ensembles.</p> <p>The metallophones cover four octaves, and include types like the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slenthem" title="Slenthem">slenthem</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demung" title="Demung">demung</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saron_panerus" title="Saron panerus">saron panerus</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balungan" title="Balungan">balungan</a>. The soul of the gamelan is believed to reside in the large gong, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gong_ageng" title="Gong ageng">gong ageng</a>. Other gongs are tuned to each note of the scale and include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketuk" title="Ketuk">ketuk</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenong" title="Kenong">kenong</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempul" title="Kempul">kempul</a>. The front section of the orchestra is diverse, and includes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab">rebab</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suling" title="Suling">suling</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siter" title="Siter">siter</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonang" title="Bonang">bonang</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambang" title="Gambang">gambang</a>. Male choruses (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerong" title="Gerong">gerong</a>) and female (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesindhen" title="Pesindhen">pesindhen</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solo_%28music%29" title="Solo (music)">solo</a> vocalists are common.</p> <p><a name="History" id="History"></a></p> <h4><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">History</span></h4> <p>Gamelan is rooted in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, though the island of Java is almost entirely Muslim today. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> arrived in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_century" title="15th century">15th century</a>, filtered through <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan">Hindustani</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">Indians</a>. With the arrival of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> colonizers, a number system called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepatihan_notation" title="Kepatihan notation">kepatihan</a> was developed to record the music. Music and dance at the time was divided into several styles based on the four main courts in the area -- <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta">Surakarta</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakualaman" title="Pakualaman">Pakualaman</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangkunagaran&action=edit" class="new" title="Mangkunagaran">Mangkunagaran</a>. It is a universal acknowledgment that gamelans are highly honoured.</p> <p><a name="West_Java" id="West_Java"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">West Java</span></h3> <p>West Java, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunda" title="Sunda">Sunda</a>, has a diverse brand of gamelan. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan_Degung" title="Gamelan Degung">Gamelan Degung</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan_salendro" title="Gamelan salendro">gamelan salendro</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembang_sunda" title="Tembang sunda">tembang sunda</a> are three primary types.</p> <p><br /></p> <p><a name="Gamelan_salendro" id="Gamelan_salendro"></a></p> <h4><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">Gamelan salendro</span></h4> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan_salendro" title="Gamelan salendro">Gamelan salendro</a> is used primarily to accompany classical or more modern social dances, and is considered a low-class form. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> saw a rise in the popularity and importance of female singers.</p> <p><a name="East_Java" id="East_Java"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">East Java</span></h3> <p>Gamelan from eastern Java is less well-known than central or western parts of the island. Perhaps most distinctive of the area is the extremely large <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamyak_drum&action=edit" class="new" title="Gamyak drum">gamyak drum</a>.</p> <p><a name="Osinger" id="Osinger"></a></p> <h4><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">Osinger</span></h4> <p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osinger&action=edit" class="new" title="Osinger">Osinger</a> minority in Java are known for social music for weddings and other celebrations, called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandrung&action=edit" class="new" title="Gandrung">gandrung</a>, as well as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angklung" title="Angklung">angklung</a>, played by young amateur boys, which is very similar to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Balinese</a> gamelan..</p> <p><a name="Pop_and_folk_music" id="Pop_and_folk_music"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">Pop and folk music</span></h2> <p>Indonesian pop and folk is quite diverse, embracing rock, house, hip hop and other genres, as well as distinctly Indonesian forms. There are several kinds of "ethnic" pop music, generally grouped together as <i>Pop Daerah</i> (regional pop). These include Pop Sunda, Pop Minang, Pop Batak, and others. The regional pop musics mostly use local languages and a mix of western and regional style music and instruments.</p> <p><a name="Kroncong" id="Kroncong"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">Kroncong</span></h3> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroncong" title="Kroncong">Kroncong</a> has been evolving since the arrival of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a>, who brought with them <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> instruments. By the early <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900s" title="1900s">1900s</a>, it was considered a low-class urban music. This changed in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930s" title="1930s">1930s</a>, when the rising Indonesian film industry began incorporating kroncong, and then even more so in the mid- to late <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940s" title="1940s">1940s</a>, when it became associated with the struggle for independence.</p> <p>Perhaps the most famous <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song" title="Song">song</a> in the kroncong style is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengawan_Solo_%28song%29" title="Bengawan Solo (song)"><i>Bengawan Solo</i></a>, written in 1940 by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesang_Martohartono" title="Gesang Martohartono">Gesang Martohartono</a>, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta">Solonese</a> musician. Written during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Imperial_Army" title="Japanese Imperial Army">Japanese Imperial Army</a> occupation of the island in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the song (about the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengawan_Solo_River" title="Bengawan Solo River">Bengawan Solo River</a>, Java's longest and most important river) became widely popular among the Javanese, and then later nationally when recordings were broadcast over the local radio stations. The song also became quite popular with the Japanese soldiers, and when they returned to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> at the end of the war re-recordings of it (by Japanese artists) became best-sellers. Over the years it has been re-released many times by notable artists, mainly within Asia but also beyond, and in some places it is seen as typifying Indonesian music.</p> <p>Gesang himself remains the most renowned exponent of the style, which although it is seen now as a somewhat starchy and "dated" form is still popular among large segments of the population, particularly the older generation.</p> <p><a name="Langgam_jawa" id="Langgam_jawa"></a></p> <h4><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">Langgam jawa</span></h4> <p>There is a style of kroncong native to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta">Surakarta (Solo)</a> called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langgam_jawa" title="Langgam jawa">langgam jawa</a>, which fuses kroncong with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> seven-note scale.</p> <p><a name="Tembang_jawa" id="Tembang_jawa"></a></p> <h4><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">Tembang jawa</span></h4> <p>Similar in style is tembang jawa. Perhaps its greatest current star is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Didi_Kempot&action=edit" class="new" title="Didi Kempot">Didi Kempot</a>.</p> <p><a name="Gambang_kromong" id="Gambang_kromong"></a></p> <h4><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">Gambang kromong</span></h4> <p>Early in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a>, kroncong was used in a type of theater called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komedi_stanbul&action=edit" class="new" title="Komedi stanbul">komedi stanbul</a>; adapted for this purpose, the music was called gambang kromong.</p> <p><a name="Dangdut" id="Dangdut"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">Dangdut</span></h3> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangdut" title="Dangdut">Dangdut</a> is a form of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a> that has been popular since the mid-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970s" title="1970s">1970s</a>. Dangdut is based around the singers, and stars include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhoma_Irama" title="Rhoma Irama">Rhoma Irama</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvy_Sukaesih" title="Elvy Sukaesih">Elvy Sukaesih</a> (the King and Queen of Dangdut), along with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inul_Daratista" title="Inul Daratista">Inul Daratista</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evie_Tamala" title="Evie Tamala">Evie Tamala</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mansyur_S&action=edit" class="new" title="Mansyur S">Mansyur S</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rafiq" title="A. Rafiq">A. Rafiq</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahmy_Shahab" title="Fahmy Shahab">Fahmy Shahab</a>.</p> <p><a name="Jaipongan" id="Jaipongan"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">Jaipongan</span></h3> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaipongan" title="Jaipongan">Jaipongan</a> is a very complex rhythmic dance music from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunda" title="Sunda">Sunda</a>. The rhythm is liable to change seemingly randomly, making dancing difficult for most listeners. Its instruments are entirely from Sunda, completely without imported instruments from the West, China, Japan or elsewhere. It was invented by artists like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gugum_Gumbira" title="Gugum Gumbira">Gugum Gumbira</a> after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> prohibited <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> and other western genres.</p> <p><a name="Qasidah_modern" id="Qasidah_modern"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">Qasidah modern</span></h3> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasidah" title="Qasidah">Qasidah</a> is an ancient <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> word for religious poetry accompanied by chanting and percussion. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasidah_modern" title="Qasidah modern">Qasidah modern</a> adapts this for pop audiences.</p> <p><a name="Gambus" id="Gambus"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">Gambus</span></h3> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambus" title="Gambus">Gambus</a> literally means <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">oud</a></i>, referring to a type of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a>. It is used to denote a type of orchestra and the music it plays, believed to be introduced by Muslim settlers from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>. Though popular among Arabs in Indonesia, it has gained little popularity elsewhere.</p><br /><p><br /></p><p>www.en.wikipedia.org</p><p><br /></p>Prio Handokohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09214564389512128181noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4388315181506653475.post-61666791052494799752007-08-12T09:16:00.000-07:002007-08-12T09:27:46.498-07:00Bengawan Solo<p><b>Bengawan Solo</b> is a famous <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song" title="Song">song</a> about the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengawan_Solo_River" title="Bengawan Solo River">Bengawan Solo River</a>, which flows through central and eastern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28island%29" title="Java (island)">Java</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and is that island's longest <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River" title="River">river</a>.</p> <p>The song describes the legendary river in a poetic and nostalgic way, that it is surrounded by mountains, its sources are near the city of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta">Surakarta</a>, that it ends in the sea, and that the merchant class always makes use of it.</p> <p>Written in 1940 by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesang_Martohartono" title="Gesang Martohartono">Gesang Martohartono</a>, it is in the local <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroncong" title="Kroncong">kroncong</a> style, a popular folk style with influences from Portuguese. The Japanese, who occupied the country during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, brought the song with them to Japan after returning from the war. There, and also in the rest of Asia and later worldwide, the song became very famous.</p> <p>The song's widespread popularity began soon after its composition, and locally it is strongly associated with the period of war occupation and the society of the times. In 1940 Gesang, then a young, destitute and untrained musician, composed the song on a bamboo flute and began to sing it at local functions and gatherings in his hometown of Surakarta. It soon became well-known and liked among the local Javanese community; the song then achieved national acclaim after it was broadcast to a wider audience by various radio stations.</p> <p>The melodies of the song also appealed to both the occupying Japanese soldiers, and the non-Indonesian prisoners (mainly Dutch civilians) in the internment camps. The song was taken back to Japan by the returning soldiers, where it (with the lyrics translated to Japanese) gained great popularity after various singers such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshi_Matsuda&action=edit" class="new" title="Toshi Matsuda">Toshi Matsuda</a> released recorded versions of it which became best-sellers. The song has become almost synonymous with the perception of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia" title="Music of Indonesia">Indonesian music</a> in Japan.</p> <p>In 1991, a group of appreciative Japanese war veterans arranged for a statue of Martohartono to be erected in a park in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta">Surakarta</a>. Gesang himself was still resident in the city, now a nationally renowned figure<span class="reference plainlinksneverexpand" id="ref_AsianEconomic"><sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengawan_Solo_%28song%29#endnote_AsianEconomic" class="external autonumber" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengawan_Solo_%28song%29#endnote_AsianEconomic" rel="nofollow">[1]</a></sup></span>.</p> <p>Very many artists have recorded the song, among whom are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waldjina&action=edit" class="new" title="Waldjina">Waldjina</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshi_Matsuda&action=edit" class="new" title="Toshi Matsuda">Toshi Matsuda</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anneke_Gr%C3%B6nloh&action=edit" class="new" title="Anneke Grönloh">Anneke Grönloh</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebecca_Pan" title="Rebecca Pan">Rebecca Pan</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Yip" title="Frances Yip">Frances Yip</a>.</p> <p>"Bengawan Solo" is a popular name given to restaurants and businesses, in reminiscence of the song.</p><br /><p><br /></p><p>http://en.wikipedia.org<br /></p>Prio Handokohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09214564389512128181noreply@blogger.com0